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Migration00:53

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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Resource Availability Modulates Gene Expression Across Life Stages in a Migratory Butterfly.

D Shipilina1, L Höök1, K Näsvall1,2

  • 1Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Molecular Ecology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental cues shape butterfly migration and reproduction by altering gene expression. Resource availability impacts both larval development and adult traits, with metabolism linking these stages and influencing migratory behavior.

Keywords:
Vanessa carduibutterfly migrationenvironmental cuesgene expressionmigratory syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Molecular Ecology
  • * Insect Physiology

Background:

  • * Natural populations must balance resource allocation for survival and reproduction amidst seasonal changes.
  • * A known trade-off exists between migration and reproduction in insects, but regulatory pathways remain unclear.
  • * Understanding these pathways is crucial for explaining insect migratory behavior and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate how environmental cues related to resource availability influence gene transcription during development in the long-distance migrant butterfly, Vanessa cardui.
  • * To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between migration and reproduction.
  • * To connect environmental context to the molecular basis of migratory behavior across developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • * A multi-cue, developmental stage-specific experimental design was employed.
  • * Adult Vanessa cardui females were exposed to host plant presence or absence.
  • * Larvae experienced controlled conditions of food limitation or crowding.

Main Results:

  • * Adult exposure to host plants altered expression in ecdysteroid and juvenile-hormone pathways, indicating endocrine regulation of reproduction and flight.
  • * Larval resource limitation impacted developmental and metabolic pathways, suggesting carry-over effects on adult traits.
  • * Metabolism emerged as a key molecular pathway linking transcriptional responses across different life stages.

Conclusions:

  • * Resource-driven environmental cues induce stage-specific and general transcriptional changes in Vanessa cardui.
  • * These transcriptional signatures connect environmental conditions to the molecular underpinnings of migratory behavior.
  • * The findings provide insights into the endocrine and metabolic regulation of the oogenesis-flight syndrome in migratory insects.