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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

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The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
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Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Experiments on Ultrasonic Lubrication Using a Piezoelectrically-assisted Tribometer and Optical Profilometer
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Acoustic Monitoring of Lubrication and Compaction Effects on Tablet Performance Using Broadband Acoustic Resonance

Raghu V G Peddapatla1,2, M Rizwan Ahmed3, Maria J Sousa-Gallagher4

  • 1SSPC, the Research Ireland Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS) effectively monitors tablet dissolution by analyzing acoustic changes. Lubricated tablets show slower gas displacement and higher AUVC, indicating formulation differences.

Keywords:
BARDSdirect compressiondisintegrationdissolutionlubricationmagnesium stearatetablet compaction

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS) is a novel analytical technique.
  • BARDS measures changes in acoustic phenomena when solids are added to solvents.
  • Solid addition alters solvent compressibility and sound velocity, affecting resonance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tablet behavior in water using the BARDS technique.
  • To analyze the impact of lubricants and compaction properties on tablet dissolution.
  • To demonstrate BARDS' capability in differentiating tablet formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Tablets containing metoclopramide HCl and microcrystalline cellulose were formulated with and without magnesium stearate lubricant.
  • Tablets were manufactured with varying tensile strength and porosity.
  • BARDS frequency-time profiles were recorded and transformed into gas volume-time profiles.
  • Area Under the Volume Curve (AUVC) was calculated from gas volume-time data.

Main Results:

  • Lubricated tablets exhibited extended BARDS profiles, indicating slower wetting and gas displacement.
  • Lubricated tablets showed a greater AUVC compared to unlubricated tablets.
  • Gas elimination kinetics varied, with lubricated and high-pressure compacted tablets displaying biphasic elimination.

Conclusions:

  • BARDS can effectively capture differences in tablet formulations manufactured under various conditions.
  • The presence of lubricant significantly impacts tablet wetting and gas release dynamics.
  • BARDS provides valuable insights into the physical processes occurring during tablet dissolution.