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Protective Effects of 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-Dihydrobenzothiazole Against Rotenone-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity in

Sumaira Kanwal1, Shazia Perveen2, Imran Haider3,4

  • 1Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|March 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study shows that 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole (ThBTH) protects against rotenone-induced organ damage. ThBTH pre-treatment significantly reduced toxicity markers and preserved tissue integrity in rats exposed to rotenone.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, induces neurotoxicity and systemic oxidative stress.
  • Peripheral organ damage from rotenone is a significant safety concern.
  • Benzothiazole derivatives exhibit antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole (ThBTH) against rotenone-induced multi-organ damage.
  • To evaluate ThBTH's efficacy in mitigating rotenone's systemic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Main Methods:

  • ThBTH was synthesized and administered to rats for 15 days prior to rotenone exposure.
  • Blood samples and kidney, liver, and heart tissues were collected for serological and histopathological analysis.
  • Biochemical markers (creatinine, urea, ALT, triglycerides, cholesterol) and tissue integrity were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Rotenone significantly elevated serum creatinine, urea, ALT, triglycerides, and cholesterol.
  • ThBTH pre-treatment markedly attenuated these biochemical alterations, restoring values toward normal ranges.
  • Histopathological analysis showed reduced tissue degeneration and structural disruption in ThBTH-treated animals compared to rotenone-only treated animals.

Conclusions:

  • ThBTH demonstrated significant protective effects against rotenone-induced systemic toxicity.
  • ThBTH attenuated biochemical and histopathological damage in the kidney, liver, and heart.
  • ThBTH shows potential as a cytoprotective agent against xenobiotic-induced organ damage.
Keywords:
benzothiazolecreatininehistopathologyrotenoneurea

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