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Syndactyly and Risk of Cancer.

Kira L Smith1,2, Matthew V Abola3, Logan M Good1,2

  • 1University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH, USA.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|March 9, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric patients with nonsyndromic syndactyly have a higher risk of digestive malignancies and benign neoplasms. This study highlights a potential link between this common congenital condition and increased cancer risk.

Keywords:
congenital anomaliesmalignancyneoplasmsyndactyly

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Congenital Malformations
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Syndactyly is the most common upper-extremity congenital condition.
  • It can be syndromic or nonsyndromic (sporadic).
  • The link between nonsyndromic syndactyly and neoplasm risk is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rates of malignant and benign neoplasms in pediatric patients with nonsyndromic syndactyly.
  • To compare these rates against matched control groups.
  • To identify potential associations between syndactyly and cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the TriNetX US Collaborative database for patient identification.
  • Included pediatric patients (≤10 years) diagnosed with syndactyly using ICD-10 codes.
  • Employed 1:1 propensity matching (age, sex, race, ethnicity, congenital malformation syndromes) for cohort comparison.

Main Results:

  • Identified 7478 patients with syndactyly; 5461 in each matched cohort.
  • Found a significantly higher rate of digestive malignancies in the syndactyly cohort.
  • Observed a significant increase in benign neoplasms and any neoplasm after >5 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Nonsyndromic syndactyly is associated with increased rates of digestive malignancies.
  • An elevated risk for benign neoplasms and overall neoplasms is noted with longer follow-up.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the syndactyly-malignancy relationship.