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Syndactyly and Risk of Cancer
Kira L Smith1,2, Matthew V Abola3, Logan M Good1,2
1University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH, USA.
Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|March 9, 2026
Summary
Pediatric patients with nonsyndromic syndactyly have a higher risk of digestive malignancies and benign neoplasms. This study highlights a potential link between this common congenital condition and increased cancer risk.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Congenital Malformations
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Syndactyly is the most common upper-extremity congenital condition.
- It can be syndromic or nonsyndromic (sporadic).
- The link between nonsyndromic syndactyly and neoplasm risk is not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the rates of malignant and benign neoplasms in pediatric patients with nonsyndromic syndactyly.
- To compare these rates against matched control groups.
- To identify potential associations between syndactyly and cancer development.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the TriNetX US Collaborative database for patient identification.
- Included pediatric patients (≤10 years) diagnosed with syndactyly using ICD-10 codes.
- Employed 1:1 propensity matching (age, sex, race, ethnicity, congenital malformation syndromes) for cohort comparison.
Main Results:
- Identified 7478 patients with syndactyly; 5461 in each matched cohort.
- Found a significantly higher rate of digestive malignancies in the syndactyly cohort.
- Observed a significant increase in benign neoplasms and any neoplasm after >5 years of follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Nonsyndromic syndactyly is associated with increased rates of digestive malignancies.
- An elevated risk for benign neoplasms and overall neoplasms is noted with longer follow-up.
- Further research is required to elucidate the syndactyly-malignancy relationship.
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