Infectious Mononucleosis: An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Disease-a Case Report

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Virology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
• Typical IM symptoms include fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy.
• Atypical presentations can mimic other serious conditions, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of considering atypical presentations of IM in differential diagnosis.
• To emphasize the need for early recognition of IM to prevent misdiagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 19-year-old male with atypical IM symptoms.
• Clinical presentation analysis including fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and constitutional symptoms.
• Laboratory evaluation including lymphocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, and EBV serology.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with high-grade fever, significant cervical lymphadenopathy, and constitutional symptoms.
• Laboratory tests confirmed marked lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes and positive EBV serology.
• The patient recovered fully with conservative management.

Conclusions:

• Atypical IM should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with fever and lymphadenopathy.
• Early diagnosis of IM can prevent unnecessary invasive investigations and reduce healthcare burden.
• This case underscores the variability in IM presentation and the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.