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Pigmented Sorghum Phenolic Extracts Regulate the Expression of Cancer Development Pathway Genes in HT-29 and

Aduba Collins1,2, Kenneth Chinkwo1,2, Nidhish Francis1,2

  • 1School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia.

Food Science & Nutrition
|March 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Sorghum polyphenols reduce cancer cell viability and modulate key genes involved in colorectal cancer development. This suggests a potential role for sorghum in cancer prevention by targeting tumorigenesis pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Molecular oncology
  • Cancer chemoprevention

Background:

  • Sorghum polyphenols show promise in inhibiting gastrointestinal cancer growth.
  • The effect of sorghum polyphenols on frequently mutated genes and cellular metabolism in cancer is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of raw and processed sorghum phenolic extracts on gene and protein expression in colorectal cancer cells.
  • To investigate the modulation of key cancer development pathway-associated genes by sorghum polyphenols.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized HT-29 and CCD 841 CoN cells treated with pigmented sorghum extracts (BlackSs, BlackSb, RedBu2).
  • Assessed cancer cell viability using Resazurin cytotoxicity assay.
  • Measured gene and protein expression of APC, KRAS, TTN, HIF-1α, HIF-1β, and GLUT-1 via rtPCR and ELISA.

Main Results:

  • Sorghum extracts significantly reduced cancer cell viability.
  • BlackSs upregulated APC and TTN, and downregulated GLUT-1, HIF-1α, and HIF-1β.
  • Processed RedBu2 upregulated TTN gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Sorghum polyphenols modulate critical genes in colorectal cancer development.
  • These findings suggest a potential chemopreventive role for sorghum in inhibiting tumorigenesis.
Keywords:
cancer pathwaysgeneshypoxiametabolismmutationpigmented sorghum

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