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Microenvironment regulation in nanomaterial synthesis.

Shuyi Pang¹, Yuanduo Li¹, Wenxia Xu¹

¹Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China jplai@qust.edu.cn inorchemwl@126.com.

Chemical Science

|March 9, 2026

Summary

Synthetic microenvironment engineering precisely controls nanomaterial synthesis for advanced applications. This approach overcomes traditional limitations by manipulating local environments, confinement, and energy for uniform size and morphology control.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Controllable synthesis of nanomaterials is crucial for advancements in energy, catalysis, and biomedicine.
Nanomaterial performance is dictated by microstructures (size, morphology), which are regulated by the synthetic microenvironment.
Traditional synthesis methods face challenges like inhomogeneous mixing and uncontrolled mass/heat transfer, leading to non-uniform structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review microenvironment engineering strategies for controllable nanomaterial synthesis.
To systematically summarize research progress across three core dimensions: local physicochemical environment, spatial confinement, and external energy environment.
To provide insights for rational design, green synthesis, and large-scale preparation of high-performance nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

Focuses on microenvironment engineering strategies distinct from traditional synthesis.
Explores manipulation of nucleation and growth processes via microscale regulation.
Discusses synergistic coupling of strategies for complex nanomaterial preparation.

Main Results:

Microenvironment engineering enables precise control over nanomaterial size and morphology.
Strategies across the three dimensions offer unique advantages and can be combined for enhanced control.
Applications include hierarchical structure construction, crystal phase selection, and surface modification.

Conclusions:

Synthetic microenvironment engineering offers a paradigm shift for precise nanomaterial preparation.
This approach addresses bottlenecks in conventional synthesis, enabling uniform and complex architectures.
Future directions involve fundamental research and industrial translation for high-performance nanomaterials.