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A Study on Controlling NH3 and NOX Emissions in an Ammonia/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine Using Response Surface Methodology
Yiyuan Peng1,2, Jilin Lei1, Shaohua Liu1
1Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
ACS Omega
|March 9, 2026
Summary
This study optimizes ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engines to reduce harmful ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Advanced modeling and response surface methodology identified optimal parameters for cleaner combustion and effective after-treatment.
Area of Science:
- Internal Combustion Engines
- Alternative Fuels
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Growing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and energy security drive demand for zero-carbon fuels.
- Ammonia is a promising carbon-free fuel due to resource availability and transportability, but produces NH3 and NOx emissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and reduce ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engines.
- To optimize engine parameters and after-treatment systems for cleaner ammonia combustion.
Main Methods:
- Developed engine combustion and DOC-coupled SCR after-treatment models using CONVERGE and GT-POWER.
- Employed response surface methodology to analyze the impact of parameters on emissions.
- Simulated various ammonia substitution rates, injection timings, and pressures.
Main Results:
- Increasing ammonia substitution rate initially raises unburned NH3, but DOC treatment significantly reduces it; NOx emissions decrease.
- Advanced injection timing reduces exhaust NH3 but increases NOx.
- Higher injection pressure lowers NH3 but increases NOx.
Conclusions:
- Optimal conditions (1400 rpm, 50% load, 32% ammonia substitution, 2°CA ATDC injection timing, 140 MPa injection pressure, specific DOC configuration) effectively minimize NH3 and NOx emissions.
- Integrated modeling and RSM provide a pathway for optimizing ammonia-fueled engines.
