Advances in the prevention and prenatal treatment of spina bifida

Zachary B Sluzala1, Katrina E Furth1,2

  • 1Charlotte Lozier Institute, Arlington, VA 22206, USA.

PubMed

Insights

Spina bifida, a neural tube defect, is increasingly managed through advances like folic acid prevention and in-utero surgery. Future treatments involve stem cells and robotics to improve lifelong health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Spina bifida is a severe neural tube defect impacting fetal development.
  • Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common form, causing significant motor, sensory, and organ-specific challenges.
  • Associated conditions include renal, urological, orthopedic, developmental, and psychosocial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and management of spina bifida.
  • To highlight advancements in in-utero surgical repair for myelomeningocele.
  • To discuss emerging technologies redefining treatment goals and improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on spina bifida research and clinical practice.
  • Analysis of historical and current prevention strategies, including folic acid supplementation.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic advancements and evolving surgical techniques, including hybrid approaches.

Main Results:

  • Folic acid supplementation has substantially decreased spina bifida incidence.
  • Prenatal imaging and diagnostics enable earlier detection and intervention.
  • In-utero surgery, including innovative hybrid methods, shows evolving efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in spina bifida care, from prevention to postnatal management.
  • Emerging technologies like stem cell therapy, biomaterials, and robotic surgery promise further improvements.
  • Continued innovation aims to enhance long-term health and quality of life for individuals with spina bifida and their families.