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Glucose Intake during the Neonatal Period Modulates the Central Melanocortin System with Breed-Specific Differences.
Kazuki Kimura1, Yuuna Watanabe1, Sachi Ashizawa2
1Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan.
The Journal of Poultry Science
|March 9, 2026
Summary
Newly hatched chicks have a glucose-sensing system that temporarily reduces feed intake. This effect was more pronounced in Yamanashi Oh-Shamo chicks, indicating greater hypothalamic glucose sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Physiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Glucose is vital for cellular energy and its blood levels are strictly controlled.
- Understanding early-life nutrition is crucial for poultry growth and development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the impact of early glucose supplementation on chick growth and gene expression.
- To compare these effects between Red Cornish (RC) and Yamanashi Oh-Shamo (OSH-Y) breeds.
Main Methods:
- Chicks received glucose supplementation during the first three days post-hatching.
- Body weight, weight gain, and feed intake were measured.
- Diencephalic gene expression related to melanocortin pathways was analyzed.
Main Results:
- RC chicks showed higher body weight and weight gain than OSH-Y chicks.
- Glucose supplementation transiently reduced body weight and feed intake.
- Breed-specific differences in agouti-related peptide, AMPKα2, CCKAR, and insulin receptor gene expression were observed.
- Neuropeptide Y expression decreased with glucose supplementation in both breeds.
- Melanocortin receptor subtypes 3, 4, and MCAR P2 showed significant interactions, with higher expression in glucose-fed OSH-Y chicks.
Conclusions:
- Newly hatched chicks possess a central glucose-sensing mechanism that temporarily suppresses appetite.
- OSH-Y chicks exhibit enhanced hypothalamic glucose sensitivity, potentially linked to melanocortin receptor signaling.
Keywords:
energy metabolismglucose sensingmelanocortin receptor signalingneuroendocrine regulationneuropeptide YMore Related Videos
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