Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The effects of an extemporaneous speech dual-task on center of pressure displacement and velocity in older adults.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Long-term safety and clinical outcomes from a single-site phase 1 study of neural stem cell transplantation for chronic cervical spinal cord injury.

Stem cell reports·2026

Same author

An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health-Related Physical Fitness Profiles of Professional Firefighters.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine·2026

Same author

Intraparenchymal stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a review of clinical trials.

Regenerative medicine·2026

Same author

Muscle and Anaerobic Performance Relationships With Firefighter Occupational Tasks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026

Same author

Racial and ethnic representation in concussion research: a call for methodological and analytical reform.

International journal for equity in health·2025

Same journal

Factors Affecting Medical Appointment Adherence among Adolescents and Young Adults with Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

Same journal

Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates of 22-28 Weeks' Gestation: An International Cohort Study.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

Same journal

Unmasking Turner Syndrome Via a Short Fourth Metacarpal in a Pediatric Wrist Injury.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

Same journal

Association of Polysubstance Exposure and Neonatal Weight Loss Among Infants Exposed to Opioids.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

Same journal

Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Infants: Nationwide Cohort Study Based on the French EPI-MERES Register.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

Same journal

Speech Perception Development From Childhood to Adulthood Following Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: A 30-year Longitudinal Study.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Sex Differences in Concussion Rates among Middle School Sex-comparable Sports.

Samantha L Hacherl^1,2, Daniel C Herman^2,3, Joel R Martin^2,4,5

¹Graduate Health Sciences, Franklin College, Franklin, IN.

Journal of Pediatrics. Clinical Practice

|March 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Girls in middle school sports are more than twice as likely to sustain sports-related concussions (SRCs) than boys. These findings highlight the need for female-specific concussion prevention and care strategies for young athletes.

Keywords:

concussion early adolescent epidemiology prevention youth sports

More Related Videos

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Adolescent Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are a significant concern in adolescent athletics.
Understanding sex-based differences in SRC rates is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Previous research has indicated differences in SRC rates between sexes, but data in early adolescence is less defined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare the rates of sports-related concussions (SRCs) between early adolescent girls and boys participating in sex-comparable middle school sports.
To analyze sex differences in SRC rates across different sports and game contexts (competition vs. practice).

Main Methods:

A prospective epidemiological study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 in Virginia.
Athletic trainers collected injury and athlete exposure (AE) data from middle school athletes in sex-comparable sports.
Outcomes included SRC injury rates (IR) per 1000 AE, injury rate ratios (IRRs) for sex and event-type differences, and injury mechanism proportions.

Main Results:

A total of 11,213 athletes contributed 329,269 AEs, with 97 SRCs diagnosed.
Girls exhibited over twice the overall SRC rate compared to boys (IRR, 2.26).
Higher SRC rates in girls were observed in softball/baseball, basketball, and soccer during both competition and practice, with no sex differences noted in track and field.

Conclusions:

Early adolescent girls participating in sex-comparable middle school sports have a significantly higher risk of SRCs compared to boys.
The observed sex difference in SRC rates among middle school athletes is greater than that reported in older populations.
These findings underscore the necessity for sex-specific, developmentally appropriate concussion prevention and clinical management strategies for young female athletes.