Primary Mediastinal Seminoma: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge With an Optimistic Outcome

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that predominantly affects young men. Clinical presentation is variable, and diagnosis relies on imaging studies, tumor markers, and histopathological confirmation. This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a patient with mediastinal seminoma, in accordance with CARE guidelines.

A 33-year-old man presented with hoarseness, progressive dyspnea, dysphagia, and cough. Diagnostic investigation revealed a large mass in the anterior and middle mediastinum, which was confirmed as seminoma by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. Treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy (BEP regimen) resulted in a favorable response and significant tumor reduction.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of primary mediastinal seminoma are essential for achieving a favorable prognosis.