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Multi-site microbiota crosstalk in the postmenopausal: from dysbiosis mechanisms to precision interventions
Jiaqing Fang1, Xiaobo He1, Junjun Zhou1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Abstract:
Persistent estrogen deficiency in postmenopause reshapes the gut-vaginal-urinary ecosystems, contributing to multisystem dysfunction through interconnected dysbiosis. Cross-niche microbial interactions amplify systemic risks: gut-derived toxins are linked to vascular inflammation, vaginal dysbiosis facilitates urinary pathogen colonization, and bile acid disruption impairs bone-immune homeostasis. This review synthesizes current mechanistic evidence illustrating how microbial networks propagate postmenopausal comorbidities. We propose the framework of "Postmenopausal Microbiota Network Medicine" which integrates microbial dynamics with host omics to transition from symptomatic management toward root-cause interception by strengthening microbial network resilience.
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