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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

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From Biointelligence to Biointerference: Exosomes as Bioengineered Cellular Communicators Transforming Regenerative

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    Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles, offer therapeutic potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation by delivering regulatory molecules. This review explores natural and bioengineered exosomes for regenerative and aesthetic medicine, highlighting their promise and challenges.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles mediating intercellular communication via cargo like microRNAs and proteins.
    • They act as cellular "software updates," influencing cell behavior and gene expression.
    • Exosomes show promise in tissue repair, immune modulation, and anti-aging applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review the therapeutic potential of natural and bioengineered exosomes.
    • To explore their mechanisms of action in regenerative therapies and aesthetic interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
    • Included studies were in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research on exosome applications in regeneration and anti-aging.
    • Studies were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach due to heterogeneity.

    Main Results:

    • Exosomes are potent therapeutic agents modulating repair and regeneration processes.
    • Mammalian, plant-based, and hybrid exosomes provide scalable platforms for targeted delivery.
    • Exosome therapy integration with cellular reprogramming and bioelectric signaling may enhance clinical utility.

    Conclusions:

    • Exosomes represent a novel therapeutic class for regenerative and aesthetic medicine.
    • Further research is needed on safety, scalability, and regulatory aspects for clinical adoption.