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Electrochemically derived nanoporous Bi from plasma-structured BiOCl for high-efficiency CO2 electroreduction.

Yaxin Xu1, Zhongshuang Xu1, Huanran Miao1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. kongcc@xjtu.edu.cn.

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Summary

We developed a new plasma-electrochemical method to create nanoporous bismuth (Bi) catalysts for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion into formate. This advanced catalyst shows high selectivity and stability for sustainable CO2 reduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Controlled phase evolution in catalytic architecture is crucial for selective CO2-to-formate conversion using non-precious metals.
  • Developing efficient and stable catalysts for CO2 reduction remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a sequential plasma-electrochemical strategy for converting BiOCl precursors into nanoporous Bi networks.
  • To achieve high selectivity and stability in CO2-to-formate conversion using non-precious metal catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential plasma-electrochemical strategy.
  • Plasma treatment of BiCl3-C to yield metastable BiOCl with atomic disorder and mesopores.
  • Electrochemical activation to reconstruct BiOCl into interconnected Bi nanoporous structures.

Main Results:

  • The catalyst achieved 93.4% formate faradaic efficiency at 300 mA cm-2.
  • Maintained >90% selectivity over a wide current density range (100-500 mA cm-2).
  • Exhibited excellent stability with only 4.7% FE loss over 40 hours, outperforming thermal Bi catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • The plasma-induced lattice distortions facilitate catalyst reconstruction, leading to enhanced electric field effects.
  • The nanoporous Bi structure promotes formate production while suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • This work offers a new paradigm for designing metastable electrocatalysts for scalable CO2 conversion.