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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
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Guidelines for evaluating endothelial function in vascular tissue.

Cameron G McCarthy1, Christian Aalkjær2, Pooneh Bagher3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|March 9, 2026
PubMed

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study provides guidelines for assessing endothelial function, integrating traditional and novel methods. These best practices aim to improve understanding and discovery in endothelial biology research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Endothelial Cell Biology
  • Vascular Physiology

Background:

  • The endothelium is crucial for vascular homeostasis, regulating tone, inflammation, permeability, and thrombosis.
  • Understanding endothelial function is vital for cardiovascular health and disease research.
  • Existing methods for assessing endothelial function have limitations due to endothelial cell heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish consensus-based guidelines for evaluating endothelial function.
  • To integrate conventional functional assays with modern molecular techniques.
  • To promote methodological consistency and innovation in endothelial biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review and consensus development by leading experts in endothelial biology.
Keywords:
endothelial cellsendotheliummethodsvasodilationvessels

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  • Integration of traditional techniques (e.g., myography) with emerging methodologies (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, advanced imaging).
  • Guidelines cover endothelial cell cultures and isolated vascular tissues.
  • Main Results:

    • Consensus reached on widely used techniques for endothelial function assessment.
    • Establishment of best practices for evaluating endothelial function across various models.
    • Guidelines emphasize combining functional assays with molecular approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Adoption of these guidelines will enhance rigor and reproducibility in endothelial research.
    • Methodological consistency and innovation are key to advancing endothelial biology.
    • Improved understanding of endothelial cell diversity and function in health and disease is anticipated.