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Updated: May 10, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
Salivary Proteomics Reveals Oxidative Markers in E-Cigarette Users.
Natalia de Carvalho Faria1, Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho1, Monica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves1
1Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use alters saliva protein profiles, increasing proteins involved in stress response and epithelial changes. This highlights potential oral health risks and the need for user monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Oral Biology
- Proteomics
- Toxicology
Background:
- Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are increasingly popular, especially among youth.
- Concerns exist regarding the health effects of e-cig aerosol exposure on the oral cavity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the salivary proteome of exclusive electronic cigarette users.
- To identify specific protein alterations in saliva due to e-cig use.
Main Methods:
- Compared the salivary proteome of 25 exclusive e-cig users (EG) with 25 non-smokers/non-users (CG).
- Utilized proteomic analysis on unstimulated saliva samples.
- Applied Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for differential protein abundance analysis.
Main Results:
- Identified 1,773 proteins in total; 92 showed consistent quantitative values.
- Found 22 differentially abundant proteins (p ≤ 0.05) between groups, with most up-regulated in e-cig users.
- Notable up-regulated protein: Peroxiredoxin-1.
- Functional analysis indicated pathways related to keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, and stress response.
Conclusions:
- E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces significant biological alterations in the oral environment.
- Changes in salivary proteins suggest activation of cellular defense mechanisms and potential impact on epithelial integrity.
- Findings underscore the need for long-term monitoring of e-cig users and public health education regarding associated risks.
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