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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System
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Obesity and Cancer: A Translational Science Review.

Sherry Shen1, Kristy A Brown2, Angela K Green1,3

  • 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity significantly increases cancer risk, contributing to 10% of US cancer diagnoses. Losing over 10% body weight may be crucial for reducing obesity-related cancer incidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Cancer Etiology

Background:

  • Overweight (BMI 25–29.9) and obesity (BMI ≥30) are linked to increased cancer risk, accounting for 10% of annual US cancer diagnoses.
  • Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity releases free fatty acids, promoting cancer cell growth via oxidative stress and DNA damage.
  • Obesity-associated inflammation and hormonal changes (e.g., increased estrogens, decreased adiponectin) further fuel cancer development and immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which obesity promotes cancer development.
  • To evaluate the impact of weight loss on obesity-associated cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on obesity, adipose tissue biology, inflammation, and cancer.
  • Analysis of observational studies examining cancer incidence in individuals undergoing significant weight loss (bariatric surgery or GLP-1 receptor agonists).

Main Results:

  • Excess adipose tissue triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered hormone production, creating a pro-cancer environment.
  • Obesity contributes to genomic instability and immune dysregulation, hindering the elimination of nascent cancer cells.
  • Weight loss exceeding 10% through bariatric procedures or pharmacotherapy showed modest reductions in cancer incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for numerous cancers, driven by complex metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
  • Substantial weight loss may be necessary to effectively mitigate the elevated cancer risk associated with obesity.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize weight loss strategies for cancer risk reduction.