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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Deciphering the Evolution Pattern of Structural Variations Overlapped With Repetitive Sequence During Cattle

Zhifan Guo1, Jinxiu Li2, Adeniyi C Adeola2,3

  • 1Bio-X Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation and School of Life Science & School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive sequences (REPs) and structural variations (SVs) show distinct patterns in cattle, particularly on the X chromosome, influencing subspecies divergence and traits like growth. These findings offer markers for cattle breeding and evolutionary studies.

Keywords:
community ecologyrepetitive sequencesstructural variations

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Repetitive sequences (REPs) are vital for eukaryotic genome evolution but less studied in domesticated animals compared to plants.
  • Understanding REPs and structural variations (SVs) in cattle is crucial for evolutionary insights and breeding applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the landscape of structural variations overlapping with repetitive sequences (rep-SVs) in cattle genomes across ecological contexts.
  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics and distribution patterns of rep-SVs in relation to cattle subspeciation and phenotypic traits.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of long-read sequencing data from eighty-three globally distributed cattle individuals.
  • Analysis of structural variations (SVs) overlapping with repetitive sequences (REPs), termed rep-SVs.
  • Comparative genomic analysis between taurine and indicine cattle, including gene expression and functional association studies.

Main Results:

  • Rep-SVs exhibit uneven distribution between the X chromosome and autosomes, with large rep-SVs accumulating on the X chromosome.
  • Distinct rep-SV distribution patterns correlate with the subspeciation of taurine and indicine cattle, showing specific expansions in indicine cattle.
  • A rep-SV involving PDGFD, mediated by bovine-specific Bov-A2 REP, is linked to higher expression and the larger hump trait in indicine cattle.
  • A rep-SV in the ROR2 gene potentially influences growth, possibly contributing to the large body size in beef cattle breeds.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies REP dynamics in cattle genomes, highlighting their role in evolutionary trajectories and subspecies differentiation.
  • Identified rep-SVs and associated genes (e.g., PDGFD, ROR2) provide candidate markers for molecular breeding and evolutionary genetics research in cattle.