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Solid-Like yet Reconfigurable 3D-Printed Liquid Tubular Wires From Nonconductive Molecules.

Yuchen Fu1,2, Weixi Wu1,2, Wei Chen1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed 3D-printed liquid wires using an interfacial redox strategy. This novel method creates conductive, self-healing electronic components from nonconductive materials, advancing liquid electronics.

Keywords:
3D printingconductiveinterfacial reactionliquid interfacereconfigurable electronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electronics Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Liquid electronics offer advantages like self-healing and electrical conductivity, presenting an alternative to solid-state devices.
  • Fabricating all-liquid wires with good mechanical and electrical properties from intrinsically conductive materials remains a challenge.
  • Previous liquid electronics have faced limitations in performance and material variety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for fabricating 3D conductive all-liquid wires.
  • To overcome limitations of existing liquid electronics regarding performance and material constraints.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using nonconductive materials for conductive liquid electronics.

Main Methods:

  • An interfacial redox strategy involving in situ polymerization of nonconductive monomers at a liquid-ink-bath interface.
  • Utilizing the formed polymer network to create a stiff liquid-liquid interface capable of 3D printing.
  • Systematic investigation of interfacial assembly, mechanical properties, and 3D printing performance.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced stiff, 3D-printed all-liquid tubular wires with efficient current flow.
  • Demonstrated high interfacial stiffness through in situ polymer network formation.
  • Fabricated functional electronic devices incorporating the novel all-liquid wires.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for fabricating conductive all-liquid electronics from nonconductive materials has been introduced.
  • The developed interfacial assembly strategy enables the creation of high-performance liquid wires.
  • This advancement holds significant potential for the development of next-generation electronic devices.