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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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The Burden of Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) in Canadian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Atopic Dermatitis.

Aaron Drucker1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital, and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Atopic dermatitis, a common skin condition affecting 10% of the U.S. population, is often treated with topical therapies. Newer systemic treatments, including biologics and JAK inhibitors, offer options for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis affects 10% of the U.S. population, primarily children.
  • Most cases are managed in primary care settings.
  • Topical treatments are the mainstay for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment options for atopic dermatitis.
  • To highlight the shift towards systemic therapies for severe or refractory cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on atopic dermatitis management.
  • Analysis of approved topical, phototherapy, and systemic treatments.
  • Inclusion of newly approved biologics and oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.

Main Results:

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  • Topical treatments like corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are effective for many patients.
  • Refractory cases may benefit from ultraviolet phototherapy or systemic agents.
  • Recent approvals include injectable biologics and oral JAK inhibitors since 2017.

Conclusions:

  • A range of treatment options exist for atopic dermatitis, from topical agents to advanced systemic therapies.
  • The development of biologics and JAK inhibitors has expanded therapeutic choices for severe atopic dermatitis.
  • Primary care physicians manage most cases, but specialist consultation is crucial for refractory disease.