[Thoracic oncology]

Molecular diagnostics now also plays an essential role in treatment planning in the early and late stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Following surgical resection or chemoradiotherapy, two targeted substances, osimertinib and alectinib, are now approved for adjuvant treatment. In resectable NSCLC, treatment with checkpoint inhibitors can be administered in an adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or perioperative setting. In metastatic stages, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies are the therapeutic cornerstones with multiple drugs being tested in clinical studies. Immunotherapy has also become an established treatment option in the early stages of NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Based on the ADRIATIC study (durvalumab after simultaneous radiochemotherapy), this therapy was approved for SCLC, as it was for NSCLC.