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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Current treatment algorithm: diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Stephen M Ansell1, Grzegorz S Nowakowski2

  • 1Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Ansell.stephen@mayo.edu.

Blood Cancer Journal
|March 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment aims for a cure, with about two-thirds of patients achieving long-term survival. Advances include targeted therapies and cellular treatments, but research continues to improve outcomes for relapsed or refractory DLBCL.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell cancer and the most common lymphoma subtype.
  • Current treatments offer curative intent, with approximately 66% of patients achieving durable long-term survival.
  • Treatment strategies are risk-adapted, considering disease stage, prognostic factors, and molecular subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current management strategies for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
  • To discuss treatment approaches based on disease characteristics and patient subgroups.
  • To highlight ongoing research into novel therapies for DLBCL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current therapeutic guidelines and clinical practices for DLBCL.
  • Description of first-line, second-line, and palliative treatment modalities.
  • Mention of emerging cellular and bispecific therapies in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Anthracycline-based chemotherapy with rituximab is standard initial therapy.
  • Specific subtypes (e.g., activated B-cell) and genetic rearrangements (Myc, BCL-2) guide treatment intensification.
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and salvage chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant are key for relapsed disease.

Conclusions:

  • Despite risk-adapted strategies, at least one-third of DLBCL patients relapse.
  • Palliative options include bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates for refractory cases.
  • Investigational therapies, including cellular and bispecific agents, are being integrated into front-line treatment to improve DLBCL outcomes.