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The Role of Inflammation in Infant Colic-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Dan Boëtius Andersen1, Julius Fog1, Marie V Vestergaard2
1Department of Public Health, Centre for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Aim:
Despite being a self-limiting condition, infant colic is associated with negative consequences for caregivers and infants. Gut inflammation is hypothesised as a contributing factor. We collected and meta-analysed the most recent evidence on the association between infant colic and gut inflammation.
Methods:
A systematic PubMed search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed English language studies about infants with colic regarding their immunological profile. The search spanned from inception to the 24th of February 2024, identifying 124 articles. After exclusions, eight articles were included for analysis. Statistics on faecal calprotectin were extracted from four studies (infant colic = 227, healthy controls = 166) and meta-analysed.
Results:
Faecal calprotectin was significantly elevated in infant colic cases in five of six studies covering faecal calprotectin with two studies finding a mean difference exceeding 200 μg/g. The meta-analysis showed a 49.5 μg/g mean difference in faecal calprotectin levels (95% CI = 43-56, p < 0.0001). MCP-1, MIP-1β and IL-8 were elevated in one study with no differences for other biomarkers.
Conclusion:
We found evidence of an inflammatory response in infant colic supporting the hypothesis that gut inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic. Faecal calprotectin may become a valuable diagnostic tool for infant colic.
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