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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

A Bright NIR-II Fluorescence Probe for Vascular and Tumor Imaging

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Published on: March 17, 2023

Harnessing X-ray-Induced NIR-II Afterglow through ROS-Mediated Molecular Activation for Tumor Radiotheranostics.

Jining Qin¹, Binlong Zhang¹, Kang Zhu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|March 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel X-ray-activated organic afterglow probe for deep-tissue imaging and cancer therapy. This probe emits in the NIR-II window, enhancing tumor cell eradication with reduced radiation doses.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Oncology

Background:

Organic afterglow probes activated by X-rays show promise for deep-tissue imaging and cancer therapy.
Current limitations include short-wavelength emission and inefficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a molecularly engineered small-molecule probe for deep-tissue imaging and cancer therapy using X-ray-triggered afterglow (AGL) in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window.
To overcome limitations of conventional X-ray-responsive agents.

Main Methods:

Designed a conjugated donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) small molecule probe with a phenoxy-adamantylidene donor and rhodamine perchlorate acceptor.
Utilized extended π-conjugation and reduced excited-state energy for efficient NIR-II emission (up to ~1100 nm).
Investigated X-ray-induced singlet oxygen generation and chemiexcitation for NIR-II afterglow production.

Main Results:

Achieved efficient NIR-II afterglow emission upon X-ray irradiation.
Demonstrated sustained singlet oxygen production, enhancing tumor cell eradication.
Showcased reduced required radiation dose for therapeutic effect.

Conclusions:

Developed a unified platform for NIR-II afterglow-guided radiotheranostics.
Rational molecular engineering can overcome limitations of conventional X-ray-responsive agents.
Achieved spatiotemporally controlled cancer diagnosis and treatment.