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Organ-on-a-Chip Devices to Simulate the Dentin-Pulp Complex: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Josefa Baeza-Fernández1, Cristina Bucchi2,3

  • 1Master Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|March 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored microfluidic devices for dentin-pulp complex research. Current models show high variability and often use static cultures, limiting their physiological relevance for dental research.

Keywords:
In vitro techniquesDentin-pulp interfaceEndodonticMicrofluidic deviceTooth-on-a-chip

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Translational Dentistry
  • Microfluidics in Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices offer promising platforms for simulating biological environments.
  • The dentin-pulp complex presents unique challenges for in vitro modeling due to its intricate structure and cellular composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the development and application of microfluidic devices mimicking the dentin-pulp complex.
  • To identify current trends, limitations, and future directions in this research area.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across major electronic databases.
  • In vitro studies focusing on microfluidic devices for the dentin-pulp interface were included.
  • Device design, fabrication, interface characteristics, culture methods, outcomes, and measurement techniques were analyzed using the QUIN tool for bias assessment.

Main Results:

  • Five studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing significant variability in device design, fabrication, and channel characteristics.
  • Most studies utilized static culture conditions, with only one incorporating dynamic fluid flow.
  • Key outcomes measured included cell viability, odontoblastic morphology, and metabolic activity.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of research on microfluidic models of the dentin-pulp complex is limited and exhibits substantial heterogeneity in fabrication, design, and materials.
  • The predominant use of static cultures, despite the known benefits of dynamic flow, hinders the development of physiologically accurate models.
  • Future research necessitates the integration of dynamic flow systems and comprehensive reporting standards to enhance reproducibility and create more relevant in vitro models for dental research.