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Stack-Engineered Mode Selection in PtMn/(Co/Pd)n Multilayers Enables Deterministic Analog Spin-Orbit Torque Synapses.

Abhijeet Ranjan1, Tamkeen Farooq2, Chong-Chi Chi3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) devices can be tuned for binary or analog switching by adjusting the Co/Pd multilayer repeat number. This enables efficient analog SOT synapses for neuromorphic computing applications.

Keywords:
artificial neural networksartificial synapsesbinary switchingmultilevel switchingneuromorphic computingspin−orbit torque

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics
  • Neuromorphic Computing

Background:

  • Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) devices offer potential for both memory and neuromorphic computing.
  • Controlling the switching mode (binary vs. analog) is crucial for device applications.
  • PtMn/(Co/Pd)n multilayers are investigated for their SOT switching characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that the Co/Pd repeat number (nCo/Pd) in PtMn/(Co/Pd)n multilayers dictates the magnetization reversal mechanism and switching mode.
  • To explore the potential of these multilayers as energy-efficient analog SOT synapses for neuromorphic hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PtMn/(Co/Pd)n multilayers with varying nCo/Pd.
  • Investigation of magnetization reversal mechanisms (nucleation, domain-wall propagation) via material parameter tuning.
  • Electrical conditioning of SOT devices to induce switching mode transitions.
  • Evaluation of device performance for neuromorphic applications, including synaptic plasticity and classification accuracy.

Main Results:

  • For nCo/Pd ≤ 7, binary switching via nucleation and domain-wall propagation was observed, transitioning to analog behavior with electrical conditioning.
  • For nCo/Pd ≥ 8, suppressed domain-wall propagation led to intrinsic nucleation-dominated analog switching.
  • High-nCo/Pd stacks exhibited enhanced analog behavior (smoother potentiation/depression, more intermediate states) and >97% neuromorphic classification accuracy after current conditioning.

Conclusions:

  • The Co/Pd repeat number is a key material parameter for controlling SOT switching modes in PtMn/(Co/Pd)n multilayers.
  • Stack design and hybrid tuning offer scalable strategies for developing energy-efficient analog SOT synapses.
  • These findings advance the integration of spintronic devices into neuromorphic computing architectures.