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Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

Introduction to Functional Groups

Introduction to Functional Groups

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

Overview of Functional Groups

Overview of Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...

Surface Active Agents

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process

Published on: May 30, 2017

Additive-Free Edge-Functionalized Graphene Dough.

Ashley Walker^1,2,3, Shaikh Nayeem Faisal^1,4, Gregory Ryder²

¹ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|March 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed edge-functionalized graphene (EFG) from graphite, creating a moldable graphene dough. This material exhibits high conductivity and excellent dispersibility, enabling applications like 3D-printed supercapacitors.

Keywords:

dough edge‐functionalized few‐layer graphene organic dispersion selective oxidation

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Published on: July 3, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

Graphene's unique properties are hindered by synthesis and processing challenges.
Developing processable graphene without structural defects is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize highly processable and dispersible edge-functionalized graphene (EFG) directly from graphite.
To characterize the structural and conductive properties of the synthesized EFG.
To demonstrate the potential applications of EFG in energy storage and advanced materials.

Main Methods:

Selective oxidation and physical exfoliation of graphite to produce EFG.
Microscopy and spectral analysis for material characterization.
Fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds, circuits, and supercapacitors using EFG dough.

Main Results:

Few-layer graphene nanoplatelets with defect-free basal planes and carboxylate/phenolic edge-functionalization were synthesized.
EFG exhibited high conductivity (900 S cm⁻¹) and excellent dispersibility (100 mg mL⁻¹).
A moldable graphene dough was formed, enabling 3D printing and supercapacitor fabrication with high capacitance (210 F g⁻¹).

Conclusions:

Edge-functionalized graphene offers a highly processable and dispersible form of graphene.
The unique amphiphilic and nanoporous structure of EFG facilitates efficient energy storage.
EFG dough presents a versatile platform for creating advanced functional materials and devices.