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Modeling an SPR Sensor for Carcinoma-Related Refractive-Index Detection: The Case of CaF<sub>2</sub>/Au/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BP Multilayer System.

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Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Published on: March 1, 2013

SPR biosensor with a graphene overlayer for carcinoma detection.

Talia Tene¹, Katherine Tixi Gallegos², María José Mendoza Salazar³

¹Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|March 11, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for early carcinoma detection. The CaF2/Cu/TiO2/Graphene design shows high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting cancer biomarkers.

Keywords:

SPR biosensor carcinoma copper graphene sensitivity titanium dioxide

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Early carcinoma detection is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.
Label-free, high-sensitivity biosensors are needed for sensitive and accurate cancer biomarker detection.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors offer promising label-free detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To computationally evaluate multilayer SPR architectures for enhanced sensitivity and accuracy in carcinoma detection.
To investigate the performance of a CaF2/Cu/TiO2/Graphene multilayer SPR biosensor.
To assess the potential of this biosensor for cost-effective and sensitive cancer biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

Utilized the transfer-matrix method for computational evaluation of SPR architectures at 633 nm.
Analyzed reflectance, resonance-angle shifts, and near-field profiles for CaF2/Cu/TiO2/Graphene multilayer stacks.
Derived key performance metrics including sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), figure of merit, and limit of detection (LOD) across a concentration range of 1-5 ng/mL.

Main Results:

The CaF2/Cu/TiO2/Graphene multilayer SPR biosensor demonstrated superior performance.
Achieved a high sensitivity of 481.29°/RIU and a detection accuracy (DA) of 0.80.
Exhibited pronounced evanescent-field confinement at the sensing interface, outperforming TiO2-only and Cu-only configurations.

Conclusions:

The developed CaF2/Cu/TiO2/Graphene SPR biosensor platform shows significant potential for sensitive and cost-effective carcinoma biomarker detection.
The integration of graphene enhances the performance of SPR biosensors for early cancer diagnosis.
The findings support the experimental realization of this advanced biosensing technology for clinical applications.