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Flail Chest-I

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

Excessive dynamic airway collapse: A condition behind the veil.

Vivek Paudyal¹, Rubi Thapa¹, Asmita Itani²

¹Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Jumla 21200, Nepal.

World Journal of Methodology

|March 11, 2026

Summary

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) involves posterior airway wall weakness causing expiratory narrowing. Diagnosis requires dynamic imaging, and treatment ranges from rehabilitation to airway stenting.

Keywords:

Bronchoscopy Dynamic computed tomography Excessive dynamic airway collapse Obstructive pulmonary disease Pulmonary function test Stenting Tracheobronchomalacia Tracheobronchoplasty

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Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

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Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Respiratory Medicine
Thoracic Surgery

Background:

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is a condition characterized by significant narrowing of the central airway during exhalation.
It stems from weakness in the posterior membranous airway wall, distinct from tracheobronchomalacia's cartilage weakness.
EDAC symptoms like dyspnea, cough, and wheezing overlap with COPD and asthma, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology of EDAC.
To discuss the diagnostic challenges associated with EDAC.
To explore evolving treatment strategies for EDAC.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on EDAC.
Analysis of diagnostic techniques including dynamic imaging (bronchoscopy, CT, MRI, EBUS).
Evaluation of pulmonary function testing's role in differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

EDAC diagnosis relies on dynamic imaging demonstrating >50% expiratory airway lumen narrowing.
Pulmonary function tests are crucial for excluding obstructive lung diseases.
Treatment strategies encompass conservative measures and interventional procedures like stenting.

Conclusions:

Increased clinical awareness is needed for accurate EDAC diagnosis.
Targeted therapies are evolving for EDAC management.
Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.