Analysis the effectiveness nursing interventions for contrast-induced adverse reactions in postoperative general...

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is common postoperatively; however, contrast-induced adverse reactions increase the risk of renal injury and inflammation, requiring effective nursing care.

To investigate the efficacy of comprehensive precision nursing interventions in preventing and managing contrast-induced adverse reactions during abdominal contrast-enhanced CT among postoperative general surgery patients.

Eighty patients undergoing elective surgery in the Department of General Surgery at the Beihua University Affiliated Hospital between January 2021 and January 2025, who required postoperative abdominal contrast-enhanced CT, were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table: A control group (n = 40) that received conventional nursing care, and an observation group (n = 40) that received comprehensive precision nursing interventions in addition to conventional care. Comparisons were made between the groups for the following: Heart rate variability indices, including SD of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD); inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); patient-reported outcomes; and procedure-related complications (e.g., contrast extravasation and acute adverse reactions).

Post-examination, compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited significantly lower increase in serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C (P < 0.05), higher SDNN and RMSSD values (P < 0.05), and markedly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations (P < 0.05). Regarding patient subjective experiences, the observation group demonstrated superior scores for emotional functioning, overall health status, and discomfort when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, incidence of contrast medium extravasation and overall adverse reaction rates were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Implementing comprehensive, precision nursing interventions for postoperative general surgery patients helps mitigate early renal tubular damage caused by iodinated contrast agents, maintains autonomic nervous system stability, alleviates systemic inflammatory responses, and enhances patients' subjective comfort and treatment experience. Concurrently, this nursing model effectively reduces the complication risks associated with contrast agent administration, thereby improving the safety and clinical service quality of contrast-enhanced CT.