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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Non-covalent assembly-enabled selectivity in aqueous microdroplets.

Zhiheng Ma1, Pengju Wu1, Xianlong Zhou1

  • 1Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China xianlongzhou@njfu.edu.cn yujing@njfu.edu.cn.

Chemical Science
|March 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemoselective hydrogenation of biomass molecules is achieved using self-assembly in microdroplets. This catalyst-free method controls reactivity via hydrogen bonding, offering a sustainable approach for selective chemical transformations.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Microdroplets accelerate reactions, but controlling chemoselectivity is challenging.
  • Sustainable synthesis of biomass-derived molecules requires selective transformations.
  • Catalyst-free methods are desirable for environmental and economic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate catalyst-free, selective hydrogenation of multifunctional biomass molecules using microdroplets.
  • To investigate the role of non-covalent self-assembly in directing chemoselectivity.
  • To establish a general design principle for controlling reactivity in confined environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing sprayed microdroplets for reactions.
  • Employing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a model substrate.
  • Spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Investigating hydrogen bonding and supramolecular assembly.

Main Results:

  • Selective hydrogenation of the furan ring in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via self-assembly.
  • Hydrogen bonding shields reactive moieties, directing site-specific reduction.
  • Demonstrated tunable product selectivity for furfural and furfuryl alcohol.
  • Observed competing oxidation in substrates lacking hydrogen-bonding motifs.

Conclusions:

  • Non-covalent self-assembly in microdroplets enables catalyst-free chemoselective hydrogenation.
  • Molecular recognition driven by hydrogen bonding is key to controlling reactivity.
  • This strategy offers a sustainable pathway for selective transformations of biomass-derived molecules.