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Surface Engineering of MXenes for Biomedical Uses: Functionalization Strategies and Application Trends
Sehyeon Park1, Hee Jeong Byun1, Jae Young Lee1,2
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
Biomaterials Research
|March 11, 2026
Summary
Surface engineering enhances MXenes (2-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides) for biomedical uses. Functionalization improves stability and adds biological functions for advanced diagnostics and therapies.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- MXenes are 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides with promising biomedical properties like conductivity and large surface area.
- Challenges include instability in physiological conditions, lack of inherent bioactivity, and potential toxicity.
- Surface engineering is crucial for overcoming these limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of MXene functionalization strategies in the biomedical field.
- To categorize functionalization methods based on mechanisms and biomedical functions.
- To propose design principles for next-generation MXene-based platforms.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advances in MXene surface modification techniques.
- Categorization of functionalization strategies (covalent and noncovalent).
- Analysis of biomolecules, polymers, and nanomaterials used for surface modification.
Main Results:
- Surface modification improves MXene biostability and biocompatibility.
- Functionalization confers specific biological functions for diverse applications.
- Key design principles for therapeutic and diagnostic platforms are identified.
Conclusions:
- MXene functionalization is essential for unlocking their full biomedical potential.
- Tailored surface engineering enables applications in tissue engineering, biosensing, antibacterial therapy, and bioimaging.
- This review guides the development of advanced MXene-based biomedical devices.
