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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

Long-term pediatric heart transplantation.

Dimpna C Albert-Brotons¹, Mohammad AlHaddad¹, Mansour Alyami¹

¹Heart Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

|March 11, 2026

Summary

Pediatric heart transplantation offers good short-term survival but faces long-term challenges like cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Optimizing care requires a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on adherence and the transition to adult care for better graft survival.

Keywords:

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy Outcomes Pediatric heart transplant Rejection Surveillance

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Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

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Published on: July 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Transplantation Immunology
Immunosuppression Therapy

Background:

Pediatric heart transplantation is the primary treatment for end-stage heart failure in children.
Excellent short-term survival rates have been achieved, but long-term outcomes present significant challenges.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of late graft failure and mortality post-transplant.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore chronic post-transplant complications in pediatric heart recipients.
To identify factors influencing long-term graft survival and patient morbidity.
To emphasize strategies for improving long-term outcomes in this population.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on chronic post-transplant complications.
Analysis of factors contributing to late graft failure and mortality.
Discussion of management strategies for long-term care.

Main Results:

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), chronic rejection, renal dysfunction, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are major contributors to late morbidity and mortality.
Adolescents exhibit a higher risk of graft loss, primarily due to nonadherence during the transition to adult care.
Favorable growth, neurodevelopment, and quality of life are observed, particularly in younger recipients.

Conclusions:

A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation.
Key strategies include managing the transition to adult care, individualized immunosuppression, adherence support, and early detection of CAV.
Re-transplantation is an option but associated with inferior outcomes compared to primary transplantation.