Effective Antibacterial Medical Mask Based on the Novel Biosynthesized Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)

Developing effective antimicrobial treatments for face masks is an attractive aspect of medical applications. Copper nanoparticle (CuNP)-infused medical masks are preferred due to their superior antibacterial properties. However, producing CuNPs presents challenges in antimicrobial applications. This study introduces a green synthesis method using Smyrnium cordifolium extract, offering an eco-friendly approach to CuNP production. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the biosynthesis of CuNPs, considering the effects of copper sulfate concentration, plant extract volume, pH, and temperature. The CuNPs were characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, zeta potential, and DLS techniques. The dip-coating method was used to decorate CuNPs onto the melt-blown layer of medical masks. The antibacterial efficacy of the coated masks against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the colony count method. The green fabrication of CuNPs was carefully enhanced by employing 14.7 mM CuSO₄ and 14.7 mL of Smyrnium cordifolium extract, adjusting the pH to 6.8, and maintaining a temperature of 54°C. FE-SEM analysis revealed that the CuNPs had a nanostructure size ranging from 31 to 57 nm. Mask decoration with 1.5% CuNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity. Antibacterial efficacy exceeded 85% against Acinetobacter baumannii within 0.25 h. Additionally, antibacterial activity was shown for Staphylococcus aureus with a potency of 85% after 2 h. These findings confirm the potential of biosynthesized CuNPs to enhance the antimicrobial properties of medical face masks, contributing to the development of sustainable protective equipment.