Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
Published on: December 6, 2021
Unlocking the Potential of Carbon Nitride (C x N y ) Electrocatalysts in Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution and
Zi Wei Tan1,2, Neil Felicio Agesta1,2, Ryan Yow Zhong Yeo1
1School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.
Abstract:
Electrocatalytic water splitting with carbon nitride (C x N y ) materials has gained significant interest, driven by extensive research validating their synthesis, structure, and applications. Among various C x N y stoichiometric ratios, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) stands out as the most stable configuration and is extensively studied in the literature. However, other C x N y structures like g-CN, C2N, C3N5, and C9N4 have been booming recently as well by exploration of their greatness. Recent progress of C x N y -based electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting (OWS) has been examined meticulously. More emphasis has been placed on exploring the synthesis-structure-performance and simulate-structure-performance relationships of C x N y electrocatalysts in experimental and computational studies, respectively. This review outlines a clear framework for unifunctional C x N y electrocatalysts in HER and OER, focusing on recent advancements in (1) defect engineering, (2) structural engineering, and (3) hybridization. The research on bifunctional C x N y electrocatalysts is highlighted and explored through two main approaches: intrinsic and extrinsic modifications. Finally, the strategies and perspectives for creating novel highly efficient C x N y electrocatalysts for HER, OER, and OWS are analyzed. This review aims to inspire researchers to incorporate computational methods into experimental studies for developing highly efficient bifunctional C x N y -based electrocatalysts.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Catalysis
Batteries and Fuel Cells
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

