Biomechanical differences between novice and experienced runners: a systematic review.
Haisheng Shen1, Zisheng Jin2, Zihui Ma1
1School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|March 11, 2026
Summary
Novice runners have less stable and coordinated running styles, increasing their injury risk. Experienced runners show better neuromuscular control. More research is needed to refine injury prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Running Science
Background:
- Novice runners face higher injury rates than experienced runners.
- Biomechanical differences are implicated but require synthesis.
- Understanding these differences is key for injury prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize existing evidence on biomechanical disparities between novice and experienced runners.
- To identify consistent and inconsistent findings in the literature.
- To inform future research and injury reduction strategies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search (2004-2025).
- Inclusion of 14 studies with 457 runners.
- Data extraction on biomechanics and risk assessment using NIH tool.
Main Results:
- Novice runners display greater spatiotemporal variability and larger joint ranges of motion.
- Weaker proximal muscle control, poorer coordination, and lower dynamic stability are noted in novices.
- Inconsistencies exist in knee kinematics and ankle motion patterns.
Conclusions:
- Novice runners exhibit less stable, less coordinated gaits due to reduced neuromuscular control.
- This leads to higher susceptibility to running-related injuries.
- Standardized definitions and rigorous protocols are essential for targeted injury prevention.
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