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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
07:24

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Published on: April 21, 2017

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From accelerometer data to activity patterns in chronic pain: methodical reasoning is key.

Annet Doomen1,2, Ivan Huijnen2,3,4, Harriët Wittink1

  • 1Department of Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Measuring activity patterns (AP) in chronic pain (CP) using accelerometry lacks consistency. This review highlights methodological inconsistencies and calls for consensus on AP concepts and measurement for reliable chronic pain research.

Keywords:
accelerometryactivity patternchronic paindata processinginertial measurement unitphysical activitywearable sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Pain research and rehabilitation science.
  • Biomedical engineering and wearable technology applications.

Background:

  • Activity patterns (AP) are crucial in interdisciplinary chronic pain (CP) care.
  • Objective measurement of AP using accelerometry is assumed but yields inconsistent results.
  • Methodological choices in accelerometry likely contribute to inconsistencies in AP measurement for CP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the methodical reasoning process for measuring AP concepts in CP.
  • To assess the implications of these methods on the validity of AP measurements.
  • To provide recommendations for improving comparability and usability in future research.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of full-text publications from inception to November 2024.
  • Included studies measured AP with tri-axial accelerometers for ≥5 consecutive days in adults with primary musculoskeletal CP.
  • Searched five databases, yielding 11,648 papers; 15 were included and summarized.

Main Results:

  • Diverse AP concepts were identified, categorized into behavioral and physics-derived.
  • Methods were heterogeneous, with incomplete reporting and questionable validity in several cases.
  • Significant variability existed in conceptualization, operationalization, and data processing.

Conclusions:

  • Current methods for measuring AP in CP lack standardization, impacting validity and comparability.
  • Consensus on clinically relevant AP concepts, definitions, operationalization, and measurement is needed.
  • Standardized approaches will enhance the reliability and practical application of AP research in CP.