Important Ethical, Technical, and Epidemiological Considerations in an AI Tool Production (ETEPAI): Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Healthcare AI Development
• Ethical AI Frameworks
• Epidemiological Research Methods

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) tools require careful consideration of ethical, technical, and research methods for effective development.
• Postdeployment success of AI tools depends on development, decision-making processes, and stakeholder capacity to act on recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize ethical, technical, and epidemiological considerations for AI tool production.
• To present the Ethical, Technical, and Epidemiological framework for AI tool production (ETEPAI) for healthcare.

Main Methods:

• Systematic identification and synthesis of relevant guidelines, checklists, frameworks, and expert recommendations.
• Development of the ETEPAI framework integrating ethical, technical, and epidemiological domains across AI development stages.

Main Results:

• The ETEPAI framework integrates considerations across 4 stages (design, development, deployment, postdeployment) and 3 domains (ethics, technical, epidemiological).
• ETEPAI provides probing questions, key indicators, and common pitfalls to ensure high-quality, ethically sound, and clinically relevant AI tools.
• The framework aligns with EU trustworthiness standards and includes resources for implementation.

Conclusions:

• Applying ETEPAI ensures comprehensive consideration from AI conception to execution, promoting high-quality, ethically sound, and clinically relevant tools.
• ETEPAI's concise nature serves as a guide for trained personnel and signposts for stakeholders.