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Cleft Lip Revision: A Proven Classification for Surgical Precision and Resource Optimization.

Usama S Hamdan1, Dana Andari1, Jana Zeineddine2

  • 1Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA.

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|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary cleft lip deformities (SCLD) are common and varied. A new 5-type classification system aids in identifying and categorizing these residual cleft lip issues for better surgical planning and communication.

Keywords:
classification systemcleft lipcleft lip revisionresidual deformity

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Secondary cleft lip deformities (SCLD) arise from complications following primary cleft lip repair.
  • These deformities present a wide spectrum of clinical variations and lack a standardized classification.
  • Etiologies include wound healing issues, trauma, and surgical technique deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, universally applicable classification system for secondary cleft lip deformities.
  • To provide a simplified and consistent approach for identifying and categorizing SCLD.
  • To enhance communication and surgical planning among cleft care providers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a comprehensive classification system for SCLD.
  • Categorization of SCLD into 5 types based on involved anatomical structures: skin, mucosa, orbicularis oris muscle, nose, and premaxilla.
  • Association of each type with specific patterns of tissue involvement and tailored surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • The proposed classification system simplifies the identification and categorization of SCLD.
  • It facilitates tailored surgical planning and resource allocation.
  • Improved interdisciplinary communication among cleft care teams is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The 5-type classification system offers a standardized framework for SCLD.
  • Preoperative assessment using this system enhances surgical planning and outcomes.
  • This classification promotes effective communication and resource management in cleft lip repair.