Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Integrating Metabolic, Perfusion, and Microstructural Parameters for Quantitative Neuroimaging in Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Hybrid PET/MRI Approach.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Analysis of PTEN Antagonistic Peptides (PAPs) in Neuronal Growth and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Biomacromolecules·2026

Same author

Attitudes of specialist memory-clinic patients with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease towards lecanemab: results from a multicenter survey in Europe.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Inhibition of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase increases osteoblast function and bone mass.

Bone research·2026

Same author

Study protocol: double-blind, randomized, prospective, placebo controlled parallel group phase II study to investigate the effect of glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) on neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Neurological research and practice·2026

Same author

From clinical phenotypes to molecular stratification: early differential diagnosis of four-repeat tauopathies.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Automated Segmentation of Cortical Grey Matter from T1-Weighted MRI Images

Automated Segmentation of Cortical Grey Matter from T1-Weighted MRI Images

Published on: January 7, 2019

Hypothalamic atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy, assessed by convolutional neural network-based automatic

Jan Kassubek¹, Günter U Höglinger^2,3,4, Adam Zůza⁵

¹Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany. jan.kassubek@uni-ulm.de.

Journal of Neurology

|March 11, 2026

Summary

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is associated with reduced hypothalamic volume, unlike Parkinson disease (PD). This study quantitatively assessed hypothalamic volumes using MRI and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Keywords:

Hypothalamus Magnetic resonance imaging Metabolism Neural networks Progressive supranuclear palsy Volumetry

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Published on: December 15, 2023

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Automated Segmentation of Cortical Grey Matter from T1-Weighted MRI Images

Automated Segmentation of Cortical Grey Matter from T1-Weighted MRI Images

Published on: January 7, 2019

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Published on: December 15, 2023

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging and Neurodegeneration
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnosis

Background:

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
Morphological alterations in the hypothalamus are increasingly recognized in various neurodegenerative conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively measure and compare hypothalamic volumes in patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).
To differentiate hypothalamic volume changes between PSP, Parkinson disease (PD), and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Utilized a convolutional neural network (CNN) with U-Net architecture for automatic segmentation of the hypothalamus and intracranial volumes (ICV).
Performed volumetric analysis on high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans from two independent PSP cohorts.
Cohort A: 78 PSP patients, 63 controls (3.0T MRI); Cohort B: 66 PSP patients, 66 PD patients, 44 controls (1.5T MRI).

Main Results:

Significant reduction in hypothalamic volume was observed in PSP patients compared to controls in both cohorts.
PSP cohort A: 774 ± 83 mm³ vs. controls: 817 ± 74 mm³.
PSP cohort B: 745 ± 102 mm³ vs. controls: 831 ± 81 mm³.
No significant hypothalamic volume reduction was found in PD patients (797 ± 98 mm³) compared to controls, consistent with prior research.

Conclusions:

CNN-based quantitative analysis confirms significantly reduced hypothalamic volumes in PSP patients relative to controls and PD patients.
These findings highlight potential structural brain changes in PSP affecting hypothalamic volume.
Future research will explore metabolic profiles in PSP to understand functional correlates of observed volume changes.