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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Bridging developmental and statistical approaches to variation and evolution.

Lisandro Milocco1,2, Tobias Uller2

  • 1Department of Zoology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study bridges developmental and statistical views of phenotypic variation. It shows how developmental dynamics predict evolutionary patterns and improve parameter estimation for understanding adaptation.

Keywords:
dynamical systemsevo-devoevolvabilityquantitative genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Phenotypic variation is crucial for evolution, but a gap exists between developmental and statistical models.
  • Understanding this gap limits predicting evolutionary change and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formally connect developmental and statistical accounts of phenotypic variation.
  • To provide a framework for understanding how development shapes evolutionary trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Representing development as a dynamical system.
  • Deriving relationships between developmental perturbations and quantitative-genetic parameters.

Main Results:

  • The full developmental trajectory improves estimation of evolutionary parameters.
  • Different variation sources (genetic, environmental, stochastic) shape phenotypic distributions.
  • Identified conditions for covariance matrix alignment, explaining statistical patterns developmentally.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental processes fundamentally structure phenotypic variation.
  • This framework advances understanding of evolutionary dynamics and evolvability.
  • Offers a developmental basis for micro- and macroevolutionary patterns.