The Role of Neuro-Immune Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of epidermal cells induced by an overactive immune system. In addition to the interaction between immune cells and keratinocytes, emerging research highlights the indispensable role of peripheral sensory neurons in the initiation and progression of psoriatic inflammation. Sensory neurons not only perceive various external stimuli but also participate in skin immune regulation and barrier repair through the release of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. This review systematically compiles current research advancements concerning the altered neural innervation patterns in psoriatic lesions, the pathophysiological functions of sensory neuron-specific receptors and ion channels, and the regulatory mechanisms of neuropeptides in disease pathogenesis. By elucidating the precise contributions of sensory neurons to the development of psoriasis, this work seeks to further clarify their specific role in the disease and provide new insights for enhancing the understanding of its pathogenesis, thereby informing the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies.