CAR-Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases: From the Laboratory to Clinical Practice

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by a breakdown in immune tolerance, wherein the patient's immune system fails to recognize self-tissues and subsequently attacks the body's organs and tissues. Although there are many therapeutic medicines targeting the pathogenic mechanisms, there is currently a lack of curative or long-term symptom control options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells are engineered cells that express multifunctional synthetic receptors. These CAR cells specifically target killer pathogenic immune cells and offer a novel approach to treating AIDs by modulating the immune microenvironment. Recent studies have demonstrated satisfactory outcomes with this method in managing autoimmune conditions. In our review paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of previous cases utilizing CAR cell therapy for AIDs. We hope that our review will provide clinicians with more options for the treatment of AIDs.