Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.0K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.0K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

17.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
17.7K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

9.8K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
9.8K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.0K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.0K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

3.9K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preliminary Analysis of the Proportion and Characteristics of Dual BCR B Cells in SLE Model Mice and Patients via scRNA-Seq Combined with scBCR-Seq Technology.

Cells·2026
Same author

scVDJ-seq uncovered the rules for CDR3 length pairing in TCR beta and alpha chains as well as BCR heavy and light chains in humans and mice.

Genomics·2026
Same author

Driving impact of organic acids on microbial community dynamics and fermentation performance in Huangjiu.

NPJ science of food·2026
Same author

Evasion of humoral immune responses by a key mutational region of the S2 subunit in PEDV variants.

mBio·2026
Same author

Optimal design of an off-axis four-mirror system based on computational imaging.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

A potential risk of plastic and plasticizer pollution: a molecular toxicological study on DIDP-exacerbated autism-like behaviors in juvenile mice.

Toxicology research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.6K

Proportion, Function, and Generation of Dual Receptor Lymphocytes.

Qi Peng1, Lanwei Zhu1, XiaoPing Lu1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China, zmc.edu.cn.

Journal of Immunology Research
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Dual-receptor lymphocytes, including dual-BCR B cells and dual-TCR T cells, challenge the classic clonal selection theory. This review explores their generation, characteristics, and role in disease, offering new research perspectives.

Keywords:
TCR+BCR+ lymphocytesV(D)J allelic exclusion rearrangementV(D)J allelic inclusion rearrangementdual-BCR B cellsdual-TCR T cellsdual-receptor lymphocytesreceptor editingsingle-cell RNA+VDJ sequencing technology

More Related Videos

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

9.1K
Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
13:14

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Published on: February 6, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.6K
Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

9.1K
Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
13:14

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Published on: February 6, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The classic clonal selection theory states lymphocytes express a single antigen receptor, achieved via V(D)J recombination and tolerance selection.
  • Evidence suggests dual-receptor lymphocytes (dual-BCR B cells, dual-TCR T cells, TCR+BCR+ lymphocytes) can arise from incomplete V(D)J allelic exclusion and tolerance escape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review research on dual-receptor lymphocytes in humans and mice.
  • To integrate theoretical models and experimental data on their characteristics, origins, and biological effects.
  • To explore the association of dual-receptor lymphocytes with disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of dual-receptor lymphocyte research.
  • Integration of theoretical model construction.
  • Validation using immune molecular monitoring techniques.

Main Results:

  • Dual-receptor lymphocytes, including dual-BCR B cells and dual-TCR T cells, are generated through mechanisms like incomplete allelic exclusion and tolerance escape.
  • This review emphasizes their proportional characteristics, biological effects, and potential origins.
  • Associations between dual-receptor lymphocytes and disease development are explored.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-receptor lymphocytes represent a significant deviation from the classic clonal selection theory.
  • Understanding these cells provides a theoretical foundation for novel research perspectives in immunology and disease.
  • Further investigation into dual-receptor lymphocytes is crucial for advancing our knowledge of immune responses and pathology.