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Middle Childhood Morbidity in Children Born Preterm: A Canadian Cohort Study

Sumera Aziz Ali1, Ye Shen2, Jeffrey N Bone2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|March 11, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children born preterm face higher risks for various health issues between ages 5 to 10 years. These risks increase with earlier gestational age (GA), highlighting the need for continued monitoring and early interventions for preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is associated with potential long-term health consequences.
  • Understanding childhood morbidities in relation to gestational age is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risk of various morbidities in middle childhood (ages 5-10) among children born preterm.
  • To identify specific health conditions and their association with different degrees of prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study in British Columbia (2004-2017).
  • Follow-up of children from ages 5 to 10 years.
  • Gestational age (GA) categorized; Cox proportional hazard models used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs).

Main Results:

  • 9.50% of 510,424 children were born preterm, exhibiting higher morbidity rates than term-born children.
  • A dose-response relationship was observed: lower GA correlated with increased risks for allergic, cardiac, neurologic, and respiratory conditions.
  • Specific AHRs indicated significantly elevated risks for puberty disorders, cardiac, neurologic, and respiratory conditions in preterm groups compared to term-born.

Conclusions:

  • Children born preterm have significantly elevated risks for multiple morbidities during middle childhood.
  • The identified risks escalate with decreasing gestational age, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance and proactive health management for this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Canadian cohortmiddle childhoodmorbiditypreterm

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