Application of stimulus-responsive gallium-based liquid metal nano systems in tumor therapy

In recent decades, nanomaterials have achieved remarkable advancements in cancer treatment, leveraging both their intrinsic properties and their roles as drug delivery platforms. Among them, gallium-based liquid metal nanomaterials have emerged as a prominent focus of research in tumor therapy due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties, including high thermal conductivity, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility. This review systematically introduces the fundamental properties of gallium-based liquid metals and the preparation methods of gallium-based nanoparticles, followed by an in-depth discussion of their key applications in tumor therapy, particularly under exogenous energy stimulation. By critically analyzing existing research, this work seeks to provide valuable insights and guidance for the continued exploration and application of gallium-based liquid metal nano systems in cancer treatment.