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Designing for Knowledge Generalization in Medical Device Instructions Among Health Care Professionals: Qualitative

Qing Nancy Xia1, Jeremy Opie1,2, Tom Brookshaw3

  • 1UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom, 020 3108 7050.

JMIR Human Factors
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Designing medical device instructions for healthcare professionals (HCPs) requires acknowledging their expertise. Visuals and clear emphasis on safety information are key for effective learning and safe operation.

Keywords:
health care professionalshuman factors engineeringinstructional designinterviewmedical devicesobservationthink-aloudusability studies

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Area of Science:

  • Medical device usability
  • Instructional design for healthcare professionals
  • Cognitive psychology in learning

Background:

  • Instructional documents are vital for safe medical device operation.
  • Few studies focus on designing instructions for experienced healthcare professionals (HCPs).
  • Expert learners have different informational needs than novices due to prior knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand how HCPs utilize existing expertise when learning to use new medical devices.
  • To explore how instructional design can better meet the needs of experienced HCPs.
  • To inform the development of more effective medical device instructions.

Main Methods:

  • User studies involving a novel liver support system (HepatiCan).
  • Semistructured interviews and think-aloud protocols to gauge expectations.
  • Observational study to assess real-world usage and identify instructional needs.

Main Results:

  • HCPs' expertise aids in prioritizing information but can lead to assumptions and missed details.
  • Visual aids and communication strategies are preferred by HCPs.
  • Instructional designs supporting memorization are crucial for manual usage.

Conclusions:

  • Instructional designers must account for domain-specific assumed knowledge.
  • Emphasize safety-critical information clearly for experienced users.
  • Utilize visuals and appendices to enhance efficiency for advanced users without neglecting novice needs.