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Grass inflorescence morphodynamics guides yield improvement in wheat.

Yuange Wang¹, Bofei Cui^2,3, Fei Du⁴

¹Laboratory of Advanced Breeding Technologies, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

|March 12, 2026

Summary

Understanding grass inflorescence development reveals how subtle changes in plant growth dynamics shape crop architecture and yield. This research identifies key genetic factors influencing floral transition and yield improvement in wheat.

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Developmental Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

Grass inflorescence morphology is diverse and crucial for crop yield.
Understanding the developmental processes shaping inflorescence architecture is key to improving crops.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate how developmental morphodynamics shapes inflorescence architecture in grasses.
To compare early inflorescence development in bread wheat and rice.
To identify genetic factors influencing inflorescence development and crop yield.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of early inflorescence development in wheat and rice.
Computational modeling of meristem fate transition and primordium initiation.
Mutant screening and gene identification (RA2-D).
Field trials to assess yield improvement.

Main Results:

Meristem fate and primordium initiation modes collectively shape inflorescence architecture diversity.
Identified two independent developmental pathways for paired spikelet formation in wheat.
Discovered a mutant allele, duo2, leading to accelerated development and increased yield.
Identified RA2-D as a gene regulating floral transition.

Conclusions:

Developmental dynamics and genetic regulation significantly drive grass inflorescence diversification.
Targeting developmental pathways offers potential for enhancing crop yield.
The study provides insights into the genetic basis of inflorescence architecture in cereals.