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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

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Published on: February 27, 2017

Multimodal electron microscopy of halide perovskite interfacial dynamics.

Xinjuan Li¹, Qichun Gu², Wei Huang¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

|March 12, 2026

Summary

Researchers used advanced microscopy to observe how halide perovskite light-emitting diodes degrade. They found instability originates at interfaces, involving structural changes and new material formations, hindering device performance.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) offer high efficiency and low cost but suffer from operational instability.
This instability is a major obstacle for their widespread commercial application.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nanoscale degradation mechanisms in working PeLEDs.
To establish a link between interfacial phenomena and device instability.

Main Methods:

Developed a multimodal in situ electron microscopy technique.
Integrated 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic-resolution imaging.
Performed in situ biasing measurements on working PeLEDs.

Main Results:

Observed nanoscale structural and chemical evolution at transport layer interfaces.
Identified formation of metallic lead and lead-rich secondary phases.
Documented strain-driven grain fragmentation and transformation of the aluminum contact to aluminum chloride (AlCl3).
Degradation was localized at interfaces, with the perovskite bulk remaining largely intact.

Conclusions:

Established a mechanistic link between interfacial strain, ionic transport, and electrochemical reactions.
Provided a framework for nanoscale degradation analysis in complex optoelectronic systems.
Highlighted the critical role of interfaces in PeLED operational instability.